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authorDave Gauer <dave@ratfactor.com>2021-04-11 11:19:58 -0400
committerDave Gauer <dave@ratfactor.com>2021-04-11 11:19:58 -0400
commit9fbda0c5029f9bf6d3d3d214e911c5399f750234 (patch)
treeaba1954897ea00049fcf1a2ade2e0321dfcbe5f5 /exercises
parent838cb43f2567769ed726ebd0c2a941394ff7ebe8 (diff)
add ex065 builtins2
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+//
+// Zig has builtins for mathematical operations such as...
+//
+// @sqrt @sin @cos
+// @exp @log @floor
+//
+// ...and lots of type casting operations such as...
+//
+// @as @intToError @intToFloat
+// @intToPtr @ptrToInt @enumToInt
+//
+// Spending part of a rainy day skimming through the complete
+// list of builtins in the official Zig documentation wouldn't be
+// a bad use of your time. There are some seriously cool features
+// in there. Check out @call, @compileLog, @embedFile, and @src!
+//
+// ...
+//
+// For now, we're going to complete our examination of builtins
+// by exploring just THREE of Zig's MANY introspection abilities:
+//
+// 1. @This() type
+//
+// Returns the innermost struct, enum, or union that a function
+// call is inside.
+//
+// 2. @typeInfo(comptime T: type) @import("std").builtin.TypeInfo
+//
+// Returns information about any type in a TypeInfo union which
+// will contain different information depending on which type
+// you're examining.
+//
+// 3. @TypeOf(...) type
+//
+// Returns the type common to all input parameters (each of which
+// may be any expression). The type is resolved using the same
+// "peer type resolution" process the compiler itself uses when
+// inferring types.
+//
+// (Notice how the two functions which return types start with
+// uppercase letters? This is a standard naming practice in Zig.)
+//
+const print = import(std).debug.print; // Oops!
+
+const Narcissus = struct {
+ me: *Narcissus = undefined,
+ myself: *Narcissus = undefined,
+ echo: void = undefined,
+
+ fn fetchTheMostBeautifulType() type {
+ return @This();
+ }
+};
+
+pub fn main() void {
+ var narcissus: Narcissus = Narcissus {};
+
+ // Oops! We cannot leave the 'me' and 'myself' fields
+ // undefined. Please set them here:
+ ??? = &narcissus;
+ ??? = &narcissus;
+
+ // This determines a "peer type" from three separate
+ // references (they just happen to all be the same object).
+ const T1 = @TypeOf(narcissus, narcissus.me.*, narcissus.myself.*);
+
+ // Oh dear, we seem to have done something wrong when calling
+ // this function. It is namespaced to the struct, but doesn't
+ // use the method syntax (there's no self parameter). Please
+ // fix this call:
+ const T2 = narcissus.fetchTheMostBeautifulType();
+
+ print("A {} loves all {}es. ", .{T1, T2});
+
+ // His final words as he was looking in
+ // those waters he habitually watched
+ // were these:
+ // "Alas, my beloved boy, in vain!"
+ // The place gave every word back in reply.
+ // He cried:
+ // "Farewell."
+ // And Echo called:
+ // "Farewell!"
+ //
+ // --Ovid, The Metamorphoses
+ // translated by Ian Johnston
+
+ print("He has room in his heart for:", .{});
+
+ // A StructFields array
+ const fields = @typeInfo(Narcissus).Struct.fields;
+
+ // 'fields' is an array of StructFields. Here's the declaration:
+ //
+ // pub const StructField = struct {
+ // name: []const u8,
+ // field_type: type,
+ // default_value: anytype,
+ // is_comptime: bool,
+ // alignment: comptime_int,
+ // };
+ //
+ // Please complete these 'if' statements so that the field
+ // name will not be printed if the field is of type 'void'
+ // (which is a zero-bit type that takes up no space at all!):
+ if (fields[0].??? != void) {
+ print(" {s}", .{@typeInfo(Narcissus).Struct.fields[0].name});
+ }
+
+ if (fields[1].??? != void) {
+ print(" {s}", .{@typeInfo(Narcissus).Struct.fields[1].name});
+ }
+
+ if (fields[2].??? != void) {
+ print(" {s}", .{@typeInfo(Narcissus).Struct.fields[2].name});
+ }
+
+ // Yuck, look at all that repeated code above! I don't know
+ // about you, but it makes me itchy.
+ //
+ // Alas, we can't use a regular 'for' loop here because
+ // 'fields' can only be evaluated at compile time. It seems
+ // like we're overdue to learn about this "comptime" stuff,
+ // isn't it? :-)
+
+ print(".\n", .{});
+}